Plant & Cell Physiology 53: 81-95 (2012)

Myrigalone A inhibits Lepidium sativum seed germination by interference with gibberellin metabolism and apoplastic superoxide production required for embryo extension growth and endosperm rupture[W]

Krystyna Oracz*, Antje Voegele, Danuše Tarkowská, Dominique Jacquemoud, Veronika Turecková, Terezie Urbanová, Miroslav Strnad, Elwira Sliwinska, Gerhard Leubner-Metzger*
*shared corresponding authors
University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Institute for Biology II, Botany / Plant Physiology, Schänzlestr. 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Web: 'The Seed Biology Place' - www.seedbiology.de (K.O., A.V., D.J., G.L.-M.)
Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacky University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., Šlechtitel? 11, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic (D.T., V.T., T.U., M.S.)
Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Šlechtitel? 11, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic (M.S.)
Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cytometry, Department of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, Kaliskiego Ave. 7, PL-85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (E.S.)

Received 11 July 2011; Accepted 3 September 2011; First published online 8 September 2011
DOI 10.1093/pcp/pcr124

Table 1.    The effect of Myrica gale fruit leachate, myrigalone A (MyA), phytohormones (ABA, ACC and GA) and an inhibitor of ABA synthesis (FLU, fluridone) on the time required to obtain 50% of testa rupture (TR50%) and endosperm rupture (ER50%) during germination of Lepidium sativum seeds incubated in continuous white light.

 

          Time to 50% rupture [h]a

 

Testa

Endosperm

Experiment 1

CONb

9.1 ± 0.1

16.4 ± 0.2

Myrica gale fruitsc

11.7 ± 0.3

37.4 ± 1.1

10-7 M MyA

9.6 ± 0.5

17.9 ± 0.4

10-6 M MyA

8.6 ± 0.1

18.8 ± 0.3

10-5 M MyA

9.1 ± 0.0

20.8 ± 0.3

5x10-5 M MyA

9.0 ± 0.1

19.2 ± 0.1

10-4 M MyA

9.1 ± 0.2

22.3 ± 0.4

5x10-4 M MyA

9.4 ± 0.5

33.2 ± 0.5

10-3 M MyA

9.8 ± 0.2

36.1 ± 0.7

1 mM ACCb

8.9 ± 0.2

15.4 ± 0.1

ACC + MyA

9.2 ± 0.0

27.1 ± 0.6

10 µM GAb

9.0 ± 0.2

14.9 ± 0.1

GA + MyA

9.0 ± 0.3

29.8 ± 0.2

10 µM Fluridone

8.9 ± 0.2

16.4 ± 0.1

Fluridone + MyA

9.3 ± 0.3

35.5 ± 0.4

3 µM ABAb

9.3 ± 0.1

77.9 ± 7.6

ABA + MyA

9.8 ± 0.2

288.0 ± 25.0

1 mM Sulcotrione

ca. 9-10

16.4 ± 0.3

     

Experiment 2

CONb

9.7 ± 0.4

17.2 ± 0.3

1 mM 1,8-Cineole

10.8 ± 0.2

21.2 ± 1.5

1 mM 1,4-Cineole

10.1 ± 0.2

23.9 ± 0.6

1 mM α-Phellandrene

ca. 9-10

19.3 ± 0.1

1 mM α-Pinene

ca. 9-10

19.8 ± 0.1

1 mM Limonene

ca. 9-10

19.1 ± 0.0

1 mM p-Cymene

ca. 9-10

20.4 ± 0.2

1 mM Terpenesd

ca. 9-10

22.0 ± 0.3

5x10-4 MyA

ca. 9-10

29.1 ± 1.1

MyA + 1 mM 1,8-cineole

ca. 9-10

34.7 ± 3.7

MyA + Terpenes

ca. 9-10

34.1 ± 2.1


a) The percentages of testa and endosperm rupture were scored over time in populations of 50 seeds with 3-6 plates. Mean ± SE for the times to reach 50% rupture were obtained. For the germination kinetics see Fig. 1, Fig. 3, and Supplemental Fig. S1, Fig. S2.

b) CON (control) = 0.35% (v/v) MeOH or 0.5% (v/v) DMSO (for terpenes); both additions did not appreciably affect the kinetics of seed germination; ACC = 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; GA = gibberellin A4+7; ABA = abscisic acid; MyA = 5x10-5 M myrigalone A if no other concentration is indicated.

c) 25 M. gale fruits and 25 L. sativum seeds were co-incubated (Fig. 1A).

d) Terpenes = 1 mM of each of the terpenes also used in single treatments. Terpenes were dissolved as higher concentrated stocks in DMSO or MeOH; the final concentration of the solvents was 0.35% (v/v) MeOH or 0.5% (v/v) DMSO.
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Supplementary data file (3.4 MB)
Abstract
Supplementary:
Fig. 1         Fig. 2         Fig. 3         Fig. 4         Fig. 5         Fig. 6       Table 1
Fig. S1       Fig. S2       Fig. S3       Fig. S4       Tab.S1     Tab.S2     Tab.S3     Tab.S4
 
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