The Seed Biology Place

Plant & Cell Physiology 53: 81-95 (2012)

**Myrigalone A inhibits Lepidium sativum seed germination by interference with gibberellin metabolism and apoplastic superoxide production required for embryo extension growth and endosperm rupture**^[W]

Krystyna Oracz*, Antje Voegele, Danuše Tarkowská, Dominique Jacquemoud, Veronika Turecková, Terezie Urbanová, Miroslav Strnad, Elwira Sliwinska, Gerhard Leubner-Metzger*
*shared corresponding authors

University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Institute for Biology II, Botany / Plant Physiology, Schänzlestr. 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Web: 'The Seed Biology Place' - www.seedbiology.de (K.O., A.V., D.J., G.L.-M.)
Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacky University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., Šlechtitel? 11, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic (D.T., V.T., T.U., M.S.)
Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Šlechtitel? 11, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic (M.S.)
Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cytometry, Department of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, Kaliskiego Ave. 7, PL-85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (E.S.)

Received 11 July 2011; Accepted 3 September 2011; First published online 8 September 2011
DOI 10.1093/pcp/pcr124

Table 1. The effect of Myrica gale fruit leachate, myrigalone A (MyA), phytohormones (ABA, ACC and GA) and an inhibitor of ABA synthesis (FLU, fluridone) on the time required to obtain 50% of testa rupture (TR50%) and endosperm rupture (ER50%) during germination of Lepidium sativum seeds incubated in continuous white light.

	Time to 50% rupture [h]^a
	Testa	Endosperm
Experiment 1
CON^b	9.1 ± 0.1	16.4 ± 0.2
Myrica gale fruits^c	11.7 ± 0.3	37.4 ± 1.1
10^-7 M MyA	9.6 ± 0.5	17.9 ± 0.4
10^-6 M MyA	8.6 ± 0.1	18.8 ± 0.3
10^-5 M MyA	9.1 ± 0.0	20.8 ± 0.3
5x10^-5 M MyA	9.0 ± 0.1	19.2 ± 0.1
10^-4 M MyA	9.1 ± 0.2	22.3 ± 0.4
5x10^-4 M MyA	9.4 ± 0.5	33.2 ± 0.5
10^-3 M MyA	9.8 ± 0.2	36.1 ± 0.7
1 mM ACC^b	8.9 ± 0.2	15.4 ± 0.1
ACC + MyA	9.2 ± 0.0	27.1 ± 0.6
10 µM GA^b	9.0 ± 0.2	14.9 ± 0.1
GA + MyA	9.0 ± 0.3	29.8 ± 0.2
10 µM Fluridone	8.9 ± 0.2	16.4 ± 0.1
Fluridone + MyA	9.3 ± 0.3	35.5 ± 0.4
3 µM ABA^b	9.3 ± 0.1	77.9 ± 7.6
ABA + MyA	9.8 ± 0.2	288.0 ± 25.0
1 mM Sulcotrione	ca. 9-10	16.4 ± 0.3

Experiment 2
CON^b	9.7 ± 0.4	17.2 ± 0.3
1 mM 1,8-Cineole	10.8 ± 0.2	21.2 ± 1.5
1 mM 1,4-Cineole	10.1 ± 0.2	23.9 ± 0.6
1 mM α-Phellandrene	ca. 9-10	19.3 ± 0.1
1 mM α-Pinene	ca. 9-10	19.8 ± 0.1
1 mM Limonene	ca. 9-10	19.1 ± 0.0
1 mM p-Cymene	ca. 9-10	20.4 ± 0.2
1 mM Terpenes^d	ca. 9-10	22.0 ± 0.3
5x10^-4 MyA	ca. 9-10	29.1 ± 1.1
MyA + 1 mM 1,8-cineole	ca. 9-10	34.7 ± 3.7
MyA + Terpenes	ca. 9-10	34.1 ± 2.1

a) The percentages of testa and endosperm rupture were scored over time in populations of 50 seeds with 3-6 plates. Mean ± SE for the times to reach 50% rupture were obtained. For the germination kinetics see Fig. 1, Fig. 3, and Supplemental Fig. S1, Fig. S2.

b) CON (control) = 0.35% (v/v) MeOH or 0.5% (v/v) DMSO (for terpenes); both additions did not appreciably affect the kinetics of seed germination; ACC = 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; GA = gibberellin A4+7; ABA = abscisic acid; MyA = 5x10-5 M myrigalone A if no other concentration is indicated.

c) 25 M. gale fruits and 25 L. sativum seeds were co-incubated (Fig. 1A).

d) Terpenes = 1 mM of each of the terpenes also used in single treatments. Terpenes were dissolved as higher concentrated stocks in DMSO or MeOH; the final concentration of the solvents was 0.35% (v/v) MeOH or 0.5% (v/v) DMSO.

Article in PDF format (1.5 MB)
Supplementary data file (3.4 MB)

Abstract
Supplementary:

Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Table 1
Fig. S1 Fig. S2 Fig. S3 Fig. S4 Tab.S1 Tab.S2 Tab.S3 Tab.S4

Webdesign Gerhard Leubner 2000
Best viewed with browser version 4 and 800x600 pixel
This page was last updated on 18 January, 2012

Plant & Cell Physiology 53: 81-95 (2012)

Myrigalone A inhibits Lepidium sativum seed germination by interference with gibberellin metabolism and apoplastic superoxide production required for embryo extension growth and endosperm rupture[W]

**Myrigalone A inhibits Lepidium sativum seed germination by interference with gibberellin metabolism and apoplastic superoxide production required for embryo extension growth and endosperm rupture**^[W]