Darwin Review - Journal of Experimental Botany 62: 3289-3309 (2011)
First off the mark: early seed germination
Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888, University Drive, Burnaby BC, V5A 1S6, Canada (K.M.)
*Joint first authors: K.W., K.M.
Received December , 2010; accepted February 23, 2010; published online April 12, 2010
DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03249.x
Figure 6. Gibberellins (GA), abscisic acid (ABA) and cold stratification as related to α-expansin (EXPA) transcript expression during early seed germination of Arabidopsis thaliana.
(A) ABA inhibits endosperm rupture, but does not alter the kinetics of testa rupture of after-ripened seeds imbibed in the light without cold stratification.
(B) α-Expansin transcript accumulation during early seed germination.
(C) The effect of cold stratification on α-expansin transcript accumulation. After-ripened seeds were incubated in the dark which inhibits germination either at 22 ºC or at 4 ºC. Relative transcript levels were compared at 96 h.
(D) The effect of cold stratification, GA and ABA on the transcript level ratios (fold induction): For cold stratification the ratios 4 ºC / 22 ºC were calculated from the values in panel C. For hormones the rations were calculated in comparison of hormone-treated seeds with the untreated seeds at 6h and 24h for GA and ABA, respectively. Wild-type seeds were used, except for the GA response which was studied in GA-deficient ga1-3 seeds.
Results are from (A) Müller et al. (2006), (B-D) Arabidopsis transcriptome analysis available via the seed-specific eFP-browser at www.bar.utoronto.ca (Bassel et al., 2008; Winter et al., 2007) based on experiments for non-dormant, non-stratified after-ripened wild type seeds (Nakabayashi et al., 2005; Preston et al., 2009), cold stratified wild type seeds (Yamauchi et al., 2004), ABA-treated wild-type and GA-treated ga1-3 seeds (RIKEN transcriptome sets).
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